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Ethanol: Creating newer methods for converting as alternative fuel source

Scientists are working on newer methods for creating ethanol as alternative fuel source, writes Guruprasad Bangle in a guest column.

Guruprasad Bangle, Chief Technology Officer, Solbuggy Connect Pvt Ltd

For the design of a modern ethanol manufacturing plant, it is important that attention be given to every aspect of the operation from the aspect of energy efficiency, safety, cost and product strength. For the ethanol manufacturing process to function effectively, the plant must be designed with various strengths in mind. The plant must be strong enough to withstand a large amount of pressure from both the ethanol and corn. Even though natural gas offers an excellent source of consistent energy, ethanol plants use more electricity than a nuclear power plant. 

Ethanol is both a fuel and an additive to gasoline. Increasing production of ethanol is necessary to maintain energy security and use vast amounts of energy, in the form of feedstock, to produce it. 

The production of ethanol, a renewable and emissions-free automobile fuel, is gaining more attention as the country develops alternative energy sources. Ethanol is made by refining corn through a process known as hydrolysis that converts corn into sugars and then turns into alcohol. Ethanol is a biofuel that can be used in place of petrol. Ethanol is made by fermenting organic materials such as sugar cane, corn, and wheat to produce ethanol, or alcohol.  

The power of ethanol as a fuel is well known. It is a renewable source that can help create energy without emitting harmful pollutants. The process of creating ethanol is simple. Water and other ingredients are mixed to form a mash that is then heated and combined with pure oxygen, which turns the mixture into a liquid. This is called the fermenting phase, and it 

Produces the type of alcohol called ethanol, or grain alcohol. So basically, fermentation is the process of converting biological material into ethanol. It is used all around the world to convert several feed stocks into ethanol. Fermentation and distillation are the two main processes of producing ethanol. The most common approach to fermentation that is used in biofuel is anaerobic fermentation.

Most ethanol manufacturing plants have the necessary infrastructure to blend or contract for the handling, storage and distribution of the manufactured fuel on a large scale. This assures a secure, uninterrupted supply to terminals and retailers that sell the finished, branded product.  Much like other industries, ethanol manufacturing has had to implement engineering controls, operational procedures, maintenance programs and quality assurance practices to reduce and/or eliminate environmental releases. 

To be profitable, a plant should produce 1,000 gallons of ethanol per acre per year. This process is achieved with the help of microbiologists and chemists in charge of creating a microorganism that ferments rapidly. Ethanol producers should understand the role of cellulosic content in fuel ethanol and vinasse ethanol manufacturing, as well as the importance of blending to target standards. 

Ethanol is an organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It is the principal alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. The major use of ethanol has always been for beverage alcohol, that is, ethanol that is drunk, rather than used as an industrial chemical. But it has also had non-alcoholic uses as fuel blend stock intended for use as a gasoline additive to reduce tailpipe emissions and improve overall combustion.

Ethanol has been used for purposes other than close to beverage alcohol, with sometimes revolutionary applications. These include the synthesis of butadiene and the industrial production of ethylene oxide which are basic petrochemical feed stocks and a motor fuel (gasohol). As automotive fuel it has a higher-octane rating than pure gasoline and is an acceptable substitute under most circumstances. 

Ethanol production system should be designed to produce consistent ethanol with the highest conversion yields, lowest energy consumption and reduced process time. This allows for accelerated start-up, reduced equipment costs and capital investment as well as reduced operating costs and higher yields. A high recovery rate provides a greater availability of dry distillers’ grains as an alternative feedstuff and increased profit margins to the livestock producer.

The Ethanol System uses a unique five-stage process: fermentation, denaturing, separation, dehydration, and liquefaction to convert a variety of feed stocks into ethanol with minimum thermal degradation. Corn-based ethanol can be produced throughout much of the year, but other feed stocks can be used to bring variety to corn farmers’ markets and prevent overproduction during peak harvest periods. This will further increase revenue for our valued growers.  

Conclusion 

Ethanol is a potential substitute for gasoline. Plants that produce ethanol from corn use specific enzymes to convert starch in kernels into simple sugars. However, corn contains more than 85% of water and enzymes need a high concentration of sucrose, an energy source. So, scientists used genetic engineering to modify these enzymes’ properties and increase the production of ethanol. The production process for alcohol is not new, but scientists across the world have been working on newer methods for creating ethanol as an alternative fuel source.

(Guruprasad Bangle is the Chief Technology Officer at Solbuggy Connect Pvt Ltd)